Geochemical Baseline and Pre-Mining Environmental Assessment of Heavy Metals at Iron Exploration Area, Northeastern Aswan, Egypt

Abstract Wadi Abu Subeira area contains many farms and houses is one of the promising areas for iron mining. Therefore, 21 surface soil samples were collected investigated toxic heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, As) using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) to establish a geochemical baseline these during pre-mining conditions. To decipher sources their interrelationships, multivariate statistical analysis was applied, while evaluate degree pollution potential environmental risks indices used. Abundances Pb, As fluctuated from 17.72 0.06, 47.12 10.86, 47.88 9.25, 45.04 6.23, 51.93 17.82, 10.55 1.24, 7.04 1.66 mg/kg, respectively, displaying declining trend Zn > Cr Ni Cu Co Pb. Additionally, mean concentrations all studied found be significantly lower than selected international reference standards. Pearson correlation coefficient, principal component analysis, cluster revealed two geogenic associations elements: (1) Zn-As-Ni-Cr-Cu-Co; (2) Negative I geo values observed metals, which showed that uncontaminated can considered study area. Moreover, CF or close 1, suggesting low contamination levels supporting association with natural geological processes. Similarly, Er RI below 40 150, indicating low-risk environment. Ultimately, obtained used as tracking future changes in accumulations sediments considering current assessment an environmentally safe